Tuesday, December 28, 2010
food and traveling
The whole trip I was hungry. When I got home, I went to my favorite diner and had french toast, hash browns, and eggs. It was so good. Hunger will drive you crazy.
Christmas was ok on the food front. I ate a good amount of ham and dressing. Ham biscuits are pretty much the greatest ever. I got a whole bag of Hershey's candy in my stocking, which is bad, because all their chocolates have milk in them. Even the dark. And I hate dark chocolate anyway.
I will be going to Mexico on a vacation in the near future and I am hoping that eating won't be took difficult there due to their obsession with cheese in so many foods.
The allergy I'm most irritated over for this trip though is my salt water and sweat allergy. No ocean, no swimming unless it's in a pool. No getting too hot. At least my friends are understanding. I just wish I could snorkel. Fish are totally gorgeous! Knowing me, I'll probably risk it once and will be like 'oh I'll be fine' and end up being a speckled spectacle.
Sunday, November 28, 2010
Thanksgiving success
Thanksgiving was better food-wise than I expected. Everyone cooked with almond milk and best life butter.
I had:
- ham
- turkey
- scalloped potatoes made with manchego and pecorino cheese (both from sheep's milk)
- sweet potatoes
- dressing
- pound cake
- lemon chess pie
- chocolate cake (made by my mom's cook who made it dairy-free)
The pound cake (far left) was apparently a little difficult to make dairy-free. I think she had to make a second or third to get it to do right. We also had to cook the lemon chess pie (far right) longer than usual.
Friday, November 19, 2010
Dairy-free chocolate fondue
I meant to post this a while back but forgot so I should now! I made dairy-free fondue last month and it was great!
ingredients:
- Silk soy creamer
- Ghirardelli semi-sweet baking chocolate chips (chocolate without dairy!!)
- powdered sugar
- vanilla extract
- amaretto
First I put 1/2 cup of Silk creamer in the pot. I had a fondue pot so it heated up very quickly (don't let it burn!). Then add in the chocolate chips (I used a whole 12-oz bag, and it was enough for 6 people or so). Stir continuously. After the chocolate chips are melted, pour in a capful of vanilla extract. Then add in a few teaspoons of powdered sugar at a time to sweeten up the chocolate. Keep adding sugar to taste. Then mix in a little bit of amaretto, (slightly more than a splash) to add some flavor and also sweeten.
Get any dippers you like and go to town! I like to use bananas, rice krispy treats, and marshmallows.
Thanksgiving!
My mom and I had a talk about what we would do. I told her the foods I wanted, and we talked about how to make them dairy-free. Mainly we have to make sure people use fake butter and almond milk instead of regular stuff. I am hopeful that this will be good!
I have been doing better at learning what I can and can't eat. Ranch is ok, because I don't eat a lot. Cheese is a huge NO regardless. Milk chocolate is ok in small amounts, as are cookies or donuts. Wonka has come out with some amazing amazing new candies recently....two of my favs (only one dairy-free, but I can't resist the other)
Fruit Marvels (I've only had the white grape, and it is amazing)
Scrumdiddlyumptious bar....SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO GOOD!!!!!!!!
That is all for now...I need to either get work done or go to sleep!! Grad school is wearing me out big time...
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
dear diary, I suck
I've been eating lots of milk chocolate and strawberry whoppers (malted MILK...didn't know that until today). So I've had a headache all day...ugh.
In good news I found that using two types of sheep cheese - one was manchego, like the closest sheep cheese could get to a mainstream cow milk cheese, and the other was an aged cheese similar to parmesan - I can make a version of scalloped potatoes that is rather good, so there is hope for thanksgiving. The cheese is just way more expensive (of course). Now I just have to make sure that this cheese is actually safe, and not what caused the headache, since I ate it the same days I was eating the chocolate and whoppers.
In bad news, my headache makes me not want to study for my midterm tomorrow!! UGH!
Here's hoping some chicken soup can help...
Tuesday, July 27, 2010
more failure with dairy!
Fail: Last night at the bar, I had a Klondike bar (real ice cream). I blame the two people who came in really late. I was ready to leave; all I had left was trash and floors. Then this guy walks in who I've seen before, and a girl comes and joins him. He came in at 12:45 and we close at 1am. She came in at 12:50. They were in the service industry so they should have known better. And even if they'f gotten drinks and left in like 15 minutes I wouldn't have been but so upset. But they got their drinks and sat there until 1:25. I ended up doing my trash and floors in front of them around 1:10, and by 1:20 my manager had enticed me to go get a Klondike bar from the freezer. So I went and got one, and apparently that made them realize they needed to leave by the time my manager and I were both just sitting there eating ice cream and staring at them. I didn't eat all the ice cream, but I did eat a good amount of it. As a result, I slept in way late today with a bad headache, and I still have it a little even after taking some tylenol.
Fail the day before: My boyfriend wanted mashed potatoes and since I made them at his house they were with real milk and not my almond milk - which is amazing and I recommend to everyone (I get original unsweetened, for cooking, baking, and eating with cereal). So I ate about a 1/4 cup of milk in my portion of mashed potatoes...which apparently was too much because I had a headache all day yesterday. Granted, after all that's been going on recently (my money drama and his week-long kidney stone) I've certainly been rather stressed, and that probably contributed.
Lesson: don't eat things you know you shouldn't eat, and stress is not good for you.
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
melting pot last night
After we left, I felt pretty crappy - tired and sluggish. After a while I felt better, and was ok for the rest of the night...but then this morning...UGH! I tried to wake up but felt to crappy to care. I didn't get up until the afternoon and still felt bad. I was fatigued, my head hurt, and I felt pretty achy. The ache was focused on my lower head and neck area.
After eating some dairy-free lunch and sitting around the house a bit, I feel better. Hopefully it gets out of my system in a day, and I won't feel it anymore. I have to say, this last 24 hours was a pretty direct cause-and-effect!
Interestingly enough, a couple weeks ago I had soft-serve ice cream and was fine. The more I explore this the more I think that cheese is the main culprit.
Sunday, July 4, 2010
being dairy free
i moved to a house with hardwood floors, and a newer HVAC system, and i think it's done a great deal of improvement for me. i'm allergic to my cats and dustmites, and i think the new house has done great for keeping these allergies under control, much better than the last house. the only thing is that the windows here don't open as well, and keeping the house aired out is essential...i guess i'll figure that one out.
Sunday, April 4, 2010
eating out
BUT now I've remembered that there is a shining light - ethnic food! Japanese, Chinese, Thai and such. I went to the Japanese steakhouse last night and it was awesome, I ate so much and wasn't worried!!
Also, no headaches this week!! :)
now time to sleep.
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
spoke too soon
I'm currently craving parmesan cheese very bad right now, and I think I'm just going to go ahead and eat it. I hope it doesn't make me sick. All I know is I don't feel good physically anyway and I'm kind of depressed (not serious, something stupid) so oh well if I feel just a little worse??
Monday, March 29, 2010
long week!
Sunday Stew
2 cans tomato soup
1 can Bush's beanscarrots chopped into small pieces
1/4 vidalia onion, chopped into small pieces
2 cups (uncooked) rice
cook the rice, and the onions and carrots, then combine all ingredients. Delicious and filling. I made way too much and ate it all week.
I also realized today that I have not been fainting like I used to since I've gone off dairy. I don't know if the two things are related, but it's good either way.
I've been eating pretty good. I eat an apple a day (on the weekdays).
I think this healthy thing really works well. Despite working myself to the bone, I've stayed physically well and not feeling terribly bad.
I need to sleep soon!
Monday, March 22, 2010
mystery
Friday, March 19, 2010
physical symptoms/improvements!
Well, they said that my blood tests showed a slight allergy to dairy and a large allergy to cats and dogs. I also know that I'm allergic to certain molds, dust mites, strawberries, NSAIDS (aspirin and anything like it), heat, sun, saltwater on my skin. Getting rid of the cats is out of the question, though I do hope to move to a less allergy-prone place (hardwood floors).
So, my symptoms.
-frequent headaches: tension, migraine, sinus.
-fatigue
-very sensitive skin - allergy to heat, sun, saltwater (Cholinergic Urticaria)
-asthma
Have these symptoms changed?
The answer is about 40%. My headaches have been significantly lessened, which is amazing. I used to have headaches about 4/7 days a week, so to be headache free for most of the last 2 weeks is prettttty awesome. The fatigue has lessened too - I hate mornings less now, and can work hard all day and not feel like I'm going to die (I actually have no days off!). The other two - skin and asthma - have not improved any. It really was the sun/heat allergy I wanted to solve the most, BUT, I have to be thankful for the fact that some good did come of all this trouble.
I'm really tired now since I've been up since 7:30....so night!
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
polenta!
So after the grocery store, I made some polenta cakes. I call them cakes because I shaped them into such, but the stuff could have been just pushed around in the pan (like scrambled eggs) because it fell apart really easy. The polenta was pre-cooked so all you had to do was heat it up!
I used some of the polenta, a few strips of bacon, and the drunken goat cheese. I took all these things and just mixed them together well and formed them into cakes. I fried then in a pan with the fake butter I have, and I have to say it was pretty delicious. I probably could do it with just the bacon if I need to eliminate the goat cheese. I highly recommend polenta for those who miss grits, omlettes, or other mushy warm things that contain cheese or milk to make them delicious.
Note on goat cheese: if you remember, the goat cheese that made me sick last time was the 'rawer' goat cheese (wetter, more milk in it). The drunken goat cheesed is more aged, so it should be better for me and it was - no stomachache or headache.
It's interesting, I've been craving more healthy foods recently. Like, I always crave chocolate, but recently I've preferred Luna bars and been super craving apples and peanut butter. So I suppose that's good - wanting fruits and veggies.
Next post: an update on how I physically have been feeling.
Sunday, March 14, 2010
the weekend
Last night a few of my girlfriends and I went to someone's house in the afternoon and then we were going to hang out and prepare for having people over later that night. So, we needed to eat something for dinner. The girls had made pizza and breadsticks, both of which had dairy in them. We went to the grocery store to get something anyway, so I had a chance to grab something to eat, but there isn't really a whole lot of food that's quick and dairy free. I got a potato salad, which didn't have any dairy ingredients listed. That still wasn't that much, and it certainly wasn't a whole dinner, so the next time we went to the store (yeah we went a few times) I got this bread from the bakery that was on sale. The bread was totally delicious.
I had enough food to not be hungry, but surely didn't eat well enough and I didn't have variety or really anything nutritious. Then I was super hungry all morning, even though I had my usual Luna bar for breakfast.
Friday, March 12, 2010
temptations!!
I really need to go to sleep because I have to be at work super early!! But it's hard to go to sleep early for me! I felt really busy today at work, and I will tomorrow too, now that I'm going to be full-time I have a lot more stuff to do!
Also looking forward to starting bartending this weekend!
Here's hoping I won't dairy cheat over the weekend!
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
cooking
I should have enough to eat for a week or more! Basically the reason why I cooked it was because I wanted something easy to eat at the massage school for lunch. It's completely dairy free, delicious, filling, and nutritious!
In other news I'm becoming obsessed with the Chocolate Newman-O's; I've eaten some at some point probably every day.
ice cream review and social hope
Tonight I was in an ice cream mood, and since the "So Delicious" Chocolate I got was less than great, I got some more at Kroger tonight. So...
Good Karma Organic Rice Divine in Chocolate Peanut Butter Fudge
B+
The actual ice cream here is good, a good mix of chocolate and peanut butter flavor. The pieces in it though (peanut butter chunks? chocolate chunks?) are kind of odd, but not terrible. I like it better than the "So Delicious."
Purely Decadent (made with Coconut Milk) in Mint Chip
A-
This stuff is pretty good. Smooth and minty, no weird aftertaste like the "So Delicious," and seems the truest to its 'original' counterpart (the same flavor in normal ice cream. You can faintly taste the coconut milk, but I like coconut milk pretty well so I don't even realize, really. The only think I would like is more chocolate pieces in it - it does have some in there but not much and it doesn't have a strong chocolate component to it - it's really mint ice cream with chocolate shavings. Still, pretty good.
Still haven't found anything to even come close to the good old Blue Bell chocolate ice cream at work......
Sunday, March 7, 2010
getting freaked
I also am going to be working full-time during the week now, so I'll need to figure out some things to pack for lunch and really just be thinking ahead of time. Planning!!
I'm figuring that when I go out tomorrow to eat with my friend Crystal, I'm going to have to cheat because I don't think I'll be able to find things that are dairy-free in a restaurant.
It's frustrating, because when I don't have things I can eat I simply want to give up on trying to eat anything at all, and when I do that I end up literally starving my body of energy and I'll feel bad and faint. I want to avoid that of course, I know I need to keep eating on a regular basis, and not having food that I can eat readily available challenges me in doing that.
Maybe sometime next week I'll make a big batch of my curry and rice, because I can eat on that for like a week.
For now I need to go to bed soon since church is in the morning.
Friday, March 5, 2010
setbacks
Also, I've had a headache since about 6pm (around when I got an email about this letter from Kenneth Cuccinelli...which outraged me to the point of a tension headache that tylenol could not assauge).
I went to a birthday party tonight, first time really being social since going strictly dairy-free. I ended up eating 2 pieces of pizza, but scraped off the cheese. It wasn't good enough to scrape it off - now I feel sick-ish and the headache got increasingly bad as I was there and is still persisting, though the loud level of conversation there was probably more to blame for continuing the headache. I tried to enjoy myself, but with a headache that noise was making worse and not really being able to eat anything...it didn't work out as well as I would have wished.
This makes me really sad for the future and the possibilities of socializing. I feel like a leper, that girl who doesn't eat anything...ugh.
I feel like I have some odd disability and I'm going to become an outcast.
No one is ever going to want to date a freak like me.
At least I can sit at home and eat my Newman-Os and ZenSoy Pudding..........
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
allergy vs. intolerance
Allergy versus intolerance: http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=george&dbid=66
I am allergic, not just lactose intolerant.
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
food reviews and goat cheese!!
So now I have chocolate alternatives and a cheese replacement, so I'm pretty happy with that.
So glad I get to sleep in tomorrow!! In case anyone was wondering, my head hasn't been hurting any since I got this dairy-free thing down, and my stomach has been better-ish.
*this was posted at 1am, it says 2pm because that's when I started the draft*
Monday, March 1, 2010
soy cheese reviews
going strong
Been working a lot lately, and the trend continues.
Thursday, February 25, 2010
cheater cheater cheese eater
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
more reviews, Rebecca's Natural Foods
She said the man at Rebecca's was really nice and helpful. She got me some coconut milk that was in the refridgerated section, some dairy-free mac and cheese mix, dairy-free cheese, spinach pie, and dairy-free frozen pizzas.
So Delicious Coconut Milk, vanilla flavor (bought at Rebecca's)
A
This milk alternative is by far my favorite. I like the sweet flavor, and the very white color. (the dark color of soymilk and almond milk kind of freak me out/are unappetizing to look at). I expected is that it would be a little creamier, but I suppose the lightness of the milk is good for all-purpose use. I think I'm going to stick with this milk! My question now is, how long does it last - how do you know it's gone bad?
For dinner, I just had a...
Millet and Flax Spinach Pie made by Sami's Bakery (bought at Rebecca's)
A
I don't think I've ever had spinach without cheese, so I was worried, but it wasn't bad! In fact it was pretty good! The "bread" on the outside was tasty and soft. The spinach was tangy and tasty. I was thorougly happy with it and I would definitely eat it regularly. It reminds me of greek cooking. It's dairy-free and gluten-free. It was really easy - just pop it in the toaster oven to heat up. The only thing I don't know is how much it cost.
Then for dessert...
ZenSoy Chocolate Soy Pudding (bought at Kroger, at Barracks)
A+
This pudding is pretty much indestinguishable from regular chocolate pudding. Dairy-free and gluten-free. Bravo.
Voicemail
In other news, Luna bars rock!
Mom, new foods, reviews
So Delicious in chocolate velvet B+
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Things I can fix
- Japanese Curry (curry, carrots, potatoes, rice, chicken optional)
- BBQ chicken
- mashed potatoes with fake butter and soymilk (wonder how it'll taste though)
- pasta with marinara
- chicken with breadcrumbs
- pork chops in the crock pot with rice
- quinoa with squash (note: can't wait until farmer's market!!)
- homemade pizza without cheese, add veggies if wanted
- sweet potatoes with brown sugar/salt/sugar
- peanut butter sandwiches
- hummus sandwiches (add cucumber slices)
- peanuts as snacks
- carrots as snacks ....but with what dressing now that I can't do ranch?
- salad....what dressing??
Today at CIP I had a salad with balsamic vinaigrette, which I think is our only dairy-free dressing, besides citrus vinaigrette (which I had a reaction to once). I like it alright, but it's still not so great. I had a really hard time figuring out what to eat. I guess I could get any of my favs without the sauces and cheese but that kind of takes away the good stuff. Like, my fav the chicken wrap: I'd have to take out the cheese, aioli (I think??), and that leaves chicken, lettuce, salsa. ugh.
- fish and chips
- st barts chicken
- chicken sandwich without cheese (bacon is on there! bacon will be a new flavor-friend)
- salad with balsamic
- chicken wings
- popcorn shrimp
- fries, sweet potato chips, rice, broccoli, green beans
this is hard
I've cheated on it like every day. While I have successfully avoided cheese, I have still had sauces with dairy in them. I haven't felt 100% since I started this insanity last Thursday...I feel like it's been a really really long and arduous 5 days.
On top of all this stuff, I have to get my Curry application in in a week, which is also super stressful. And a whole bunch of other things are stressing me out right now.
positives: talked to a friend tonight who I don't get to talk to enough, and although I'm awake at this ungodly hour due to a sleep schedule screw-up, there was a fun tv show on animal planet about little people who rescue pit bulls.
I need a vacation....a vacation with no computers, no school, no jobs, and a bunch of cheese....
Monday, February 22, 2010
I cheated
What am I going to do with all the cheese in the fridge?!? I have a feeling I'm going to give in and just eat all of it before I go dairy free....
Sometime this week I plan on going to Whole Foods to pick up some....
goat cheese
nutritional yeast
tahini
and try making this recipe for vegan shells and cheese later this week.
I can't wait until the farmer's market starts again so I can get flavored goat cheese from the goat cheese guy, and better produce.
Sunday, February 21, 2010
stomach??
I think part of the problem is that I'm eating more meat. I didn't eat meat but maybe 2, 3 times a week before and I've eaten it every day (and more of it) since I tried to do this. I remember when I was coming back to meat after being a vegetarian for a year, I would get incredibly sick after eating meat. Sounds like I should just go vegan doesn't it? God that would be so difficult.
I just want to stop feeling like crap. I was loopy and stupid today. Ever since I passed out, it's like I've only been about 70% here, mentally and physically.
Saturday, February 20, 2010
Giving in
I've actually been feeling kind of crappy since I went off the dairy (ironic) so I'm hoping this will raise my spirits.
I hate that I have to do this. I hate this.
food replacements
I needed something to replace cheese as a snack, so I got peanuts, which will still be a source of protein and fat. I like them, so that's good, but they're messy (I got them still in the shell).
I needed to replace cheese sandwiches as my quick go-to meal, so I got garlic hummus to make sandwiches with cucumber slices in the middle. Healthy right? While this was super delicious, it definitely hit a different hunger spot so I still crave cheese, but it did the best job it could. Luckily the delicious factor is pretty high, so I'll have no problem sticking with this. Problem is, I think this isn't as fatty/calorie-loaded as a cheese sandwich with marinara sauce (my usual) so when I went to my friend's house and had one drink later, it got me tipsy pretty quick.
Butter: I got "bestlife buttery spread" made with extra virgin olive oil. I made toast with it last night and I have to tell you I'm not a fan. It tastes nothing like butter, and I probably would have been better off with straight olive oil taste-wise. That's not saying it tasted bad - it just didn't taste like anything at all. I guess I'll use it in cooking or whatever, or if I make cinnamon toast that'll cover up the nothing-taste.
Lunch: I would have usually would have had something with cheese in it, a sandwich, ravioli, pizza, something like that. I had some rotisserie chicken instead with bbq sauce. While I wasn't hungry later, I was having the shakes later, which I haven't gotten in a while, which means I probably should have had something else with the chicken like bread or some kind of carb.
I really have to work on eating enough. See, I don't get hungry until it's like a really dire situation. I don't get hungry unless I miss a meal - I never get hungry for a meal. I don't know why this is. I tracked what I ate for a normal week once, and including my Mountain Dew and everything I usually ate, and it was only 1300-1500 calories a day, which is not enough. I should be eating 2200 the site said. So, I'm worried that with this new diet change I'll end up not eating enough calories.
I thought I'd been doing better at eating, but when I told all my friends tonight about the day I passed out, and I said I'd eaten a lot from the night before (including the friend who ate dinner WITH me the night before), they were like "YEAH, RIGHT" because apparently it was common knowledge to all of them that I didn't eat a lot...Kind of wish someone had told me that it concerned them and maybe then I would have made more of an effort to eat enough.
I'm going to go find something else to eat...
Please, leave me some specific suggestions for easy stuff to eat!
Friday, February 19, 2010
a new challenge
I've decide to blog about my struggles with going dairy-free. I can only hope that as I write for my own sanity, I can maybe help some others out there in the future who have to do the same thing.
While I do love animals and wish that I could say I was doing this simply not to play into factory farming anymore, that isn't the case. I wish I had that kind of willpower. In reality, I am in love with cheese, truly in love, and I don't know how we could ever break up regardless of cheese's faults.
Or so, that is, until the doctor told me I needed to.
Yesterday I went to get food allergy tests (we're thinking food allergy may be the cause of the symptoms I have, including migraines), and reacted to dairy in the tests. I was prepared for another reaction, like corn or gluten. I was thinking how I could get gluten-free stuff with my friend Emily (who needs gluten-free), or maybe even quit Mountain Dew if it were a corn allergy (Mt Dew has corn syrup in it. I've been drinking it my entire life, since I was a baby). But no, not kicking my caffeine habit for me, it's my other life-long affair with cheese that I have to battle.
I feel like I'm totally overreacting, but I really am mourning all of this. All I could think about yesterday would be the things that I love that I'd have to give up:
- milkshakes
- ice cream (especially our great ice cream at CIP, always a bonding type of food with other servers)
- cheese sandwiches (especially when I'm on the run and have nothing else)
- macaroni and cheese (which I have a strong sentimental tie to)
- scalloped potatoes (Thanksgiving and Christmas staple)
- ranch dressing (practically the only way I eat salad!! How can you be Southern and not eat RANCH!!)
- cheese fondue
- just eating straight cheese as a snack
- cheese in anything Italian
- fettucine alfredo
- toast with real butter
- milk chocolate!! kit kats, reeses, hershey's, twix, chocolate chip cookies, ugggghhh
- just about everything at my restaurant that I usually eat
that's enough...
(but seriously I don't know how to even cook without butter and cheese)
See, I know that a lot of these things can be replaced, even if not fully successfully, they can be replaced. But you have to buy them and fix them at home. The convenience and therefor social-nes of dairy is a real problem. I work at a restaurant four days a week, and that means that I'll significantly have to change what I eat when I'm there (two of those days, I have to eat there because I only have about ten minutes until I go to my next job). Then there's the going out factor - no more going out with friends for dessert, going to CIP for my birthday, sharing a milkshake, accepting cookies from friends, making desserts for others (which is something I love to do). Well, I suppose my sugar cookes are dairy-free, there is that!
The thing is I'm a pretty up-for-anything type of girl, ready to try new foods, new restaurants, hang out with a new crowd, and go with the flow as soon as someone invites me to go somwhere. If I really have to stay dairy-free, that will mean I cant just eat whatever, like I do now. It sucked enough that I couldn't eat strawberries in the last few years, but damn, now almost every dessert is out of range. Shit, that made me remember, cheesecake at the Cheesecake Factory! crab wontons! ugh my food-soul is dying...
My only hope is that they're wrong. I saw the reaction on my skin, but I've been fine with eating dairy (and lots of it) forever. And the symptoms I have, I don't really see how they are related to what I eat. Right now is just going to be a trial period; I go a month without eating dairy and see what happens.
Other concerns...
Nutrition - cheese was a large source of my protein and calcium (which I don't get enough of as it is, I know) so I'm really going to have to think about what I eat. The doctor said it was possible that I could lose weight, which would be dangerous at my size, and especially since I passed out when they took my blood and couldn't get my blood pressure over 74/54 for about 10-15 minutes.
I know I'm obsessing, but this is overwhelming, so I'm going to obsess. I wish I had like a going-dairy-free partner, a supporter person like they have in AA.